white matter changes in HIV

White matter changes in HIV have overlapping appearances and varied in etiology. These can be divided into:

• primary effects of HIV
• opportunistic infection
• neoplasms
• vascular disease
• metabolic and nutritional disorders

Primary effects of HIV

• HIV encephalitis

Opportunistic infection

• cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis  (can also cause ventriculitis)
• herpes simplex (HSV) encephalitis
• other viral encephalitides
• progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis (PML)
• toxoplasmosis encephalitis (can also cause abscesses)
• CNS cryptococcus infection
• mycobacterial infection

Neoplasms

• primary CNS lymphoma

Vascular disease

• HIV associated cerebral vasculopathy
  • appears similar to cerebral vasculitis, but without the histopathological changes
  • leucoclastic vasculitis of the vasa vasorum identified
  • may affect large, medium and small vessels
  • may respond to HAART

Metabolic and nutritional disorders

• Wernicke encephalopathy
  • high T2 signal usually does not affect white matter

Siehe auch:

• Korsakow-Syndrom
• Neurotoxoplasmose
• Herpesenzephalitis
• primäres ZNS-Lymphom
• Progressive multifokale Leukenzephalopathie
• HIV-Enzephalopathie
• Zytomegalievirus Enzephalitis
• CNS cryptococcus infection
• mycobacterial infection

und weiter:

• CNS manifestations of AIDS