Cavitating lung lesions
Pulmonary cavities are thick-walled abnormal gas-filled spaces within the lung. They are usually associated with a nodule, mass, or area of consolidation. A fluid level within the space may be present. Plain radiography and CT form the mainstay of imaging.
Terminology
According to the Fleischner Society, pulmonary cavities are defined as "a gas-filled space, seen as a lucency or low-attenuation area, within pulmonary consolidation, a mass, or a nodule" .
Pathology
The cause of pulmonary cavities is broad. They may develop as a chronic complication of a pulmonary cyst or secondary to cystic degeneration of a pulmonary mass. They may enlarge or involute over time.
Etiology
Pulmonary cavities may be the result of malignancy, infection, inflammation, or be congenital:
- cavitating malignancy
- primary bronchogenic carcinoma (especially squamous cell carcinoma)
- cavitating pulmonary metastases
- squamous cell carcinoma
- adenocarcinoma, e.g. gastrointestinal tract, breast
- sarcoma
- infection
- pulmonary tuberculosis
- pulmonary bacterial abscess/cavitating pneumonia
- post-pneumonic pneumatocele: a thin walled pneumatocele is not really a cavity but when infected can be thick-walled
- septic pulmonary emboli
- other rare infections
- non-infective granuloma
- vascular
- trauma
- pneumatoceles (a thin-walled pneumatocele is not really a cavity)
- congenital (not true "cavity")
A helpful mnemonic is CAVITY.
See also
- pulmonary mass
- pulmonary cyst
- pulmonary cavity
- pulmonary nodule
Siehe auch:
- Pneumatozele
- Langerhanszell-Histiozytose der Lunge
- Bronchogene Zyste
- Lungenkarzinom
- pulmonale Tuberkulose
- Lungensequester
- Lungenrundherd
- Lungenabszess
- Lymphangioleiomyomatose
- Lungenzysten
- Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis
- multiple zystische Lungenherde
- septische Embolie Lunge
- Lungenmetastasen
- pulmonale Vaskulitis
- kongenitale pulmonale Atemwegsmalformation (CPAM)
- Plattenepithelkarzinom
- kavernisierende Lungenmetastasen
- Lungeninfarkt
- CAVITY
- pulmonale Raumforderung
- zystische Lungenmetastasen
- kavernisierende Pneumonie
und weiter:
- Tuberkulose
- einschmelzende Pneumonie
- Pleuraempyem
- pulmonary cavity (mnemonic)
- mixed-type hiatal hernia mimicking pulmonary cystic lesion
- necrobiotic lung nodules
- pulmonale Kryptokokkose
- Rasmussen-Aneurysma
- extrapulmonale Manifestationen der Tuberkulose
- Lymphom Kaverne
- cystic pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
- Monod-Zeichen
- Punkte in Lunge
- cavitary necrosis complicating pneumonia
- hyperdense pulmonale Raumforderungen
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Kavernöse Lungenläsionen:
