tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (commonly abbreviated to TB, short for tubercle bacillus) encompasses an enormously wide disease spectrum affecting multiple organs and body systems predominantly caused by the organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A small proportion can also be caused by Mycobacterium bovis.
Epidemiology
Although tuberculosis continues to be very common in developing nations. Approximately 10 million people globally per year have positive exposure to tuberculosis . In Western industrialised populations it has become uncommon but is increasing in prevalence among immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV/AIDS. An estimated 5% HIV patients have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, which become clinically apparent when CD4+ counts drop to below 350 cells/mm, typically with findings of post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis .
Clinical presentation
Clinical presentation will depend upon the morphology of infection and location. These are discussed in separate articles.
- morphology
- location
History and etymology
Aristotle is usually credited as being the first to recognize the contagious nature of the disease. Discovery of the specific infectious agent, the tubercle bacillus (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), did not occur for several millennia until it was isolated by Robert Koch in 1882 . M. tuberculosis was previously known as Koch bacillus and tuberculosis known as Koch disease. It was also historically known as consumption due to the severe associated weight loss.
Siehe auch:
- pulmonale Tuberkulose
- Kavernöse Lungenläsionen
- Tuberkulose des ZNS
- Pleuraplaques
- Miliartuberkulose
- Nierentuberkulose
- miliare Lungenherde
- mycobacterium tuberculosis
- pleurale Tuberkulose
- Tuberkulose des Peritoneums
- primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- tuberkulöse Spondylitis
- tuberkulöse Halslymphknoten
- urogenitale Tuberkulose
- tuberkulöse Meningitis
- post primary pulmonary tuberculosis
- Tuberkulose der Mamma
- Pleuritis exsudativa
- pelvine Tuberkulose
- multiresistente Tuberkulose
- tuberkulöse Otomastoiditis
- Tuberkulostatikum
- post-primary pulmonary tuberculosis
und weiter:
- Pleurakuppenschwielen
- Dünndarmileus
- verkalkte mediastinale Lymphknoten
- Tumoren der Hypophysenregion
- Splenomegalie
- Skoliose
- arteriovenöse Malformationen der Lunge
- umgekehrtes Halozeichen Lunge
- apikale Pleurakappe
- reverse halo sign
- linitis plastica
- Fibrothorax
- Chylothorax
- renal papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- pulmonale und mediastinale Sarcoidose
- Amyloidose
- mediastinal lymphoma
- Gynäkomastie
- radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis
- Gibbus
- crazy paving-Muster
- Vergrößerung der zervikalen Lymphknoten
- Erythema nodosum
- einzelne Pleuraraumforderung
- bilaterale hiläre Lymphadenopathie
- thorakale Plombage
- Tuberkulose der Milz
- Hughes-Stovin-Syndrom
- testicular epidermoid
- Plombage
- retikuläres Muster
- differential of chronic alveolar opacities
- zentrilobuläre Lungennoduli
- bilaterale axilläre Lymphadenopathie
- differential diagnosis of calcified pulmonary densities
- hypertrophic olivary degeneration
- hyperdenser Lymphknoten
- Nebennierenläsionen
- tuberculous empyema
- beschleunigte Skelettreifung
- Anthrakose
- Raumforderungen der Trachea
- melioidosis
- extrapulmonale Manifestationen der Tuberkulose
- Skrofeln
- hyperechoic liver
- chronic bilateral airspace opacification
- differential diagnosis of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy
- Nasenseptumdefekt
- bladder calcification (mnemonic)
- diffuse Trachealwandverdickung
- CNS manifestations of AIDS
- Thorakoplastik
- abdominelle und pelvine Verkalkungen
- Tuberkulose von Leber und Milz
- Tuberkulose der Leber
- dens erosion
- papillary necrosis (mnemonic)
- generalised increased liver echogenicity
- opportunistische Infektionen
- Tuberkulose der Wirbelsäule und des Spinalkanals
- Vergrößerung der Glandula parotis
- solitary sclerotic bone lesion with a lucent centre
- diffuse Trachealverengung
- idiopathische granulomatöse Mastitis
- pulmonary upper zone involvement (mnemonic)
- Tuberkulose des Larynx
- lytic bone lesion surrounded by marked sclerosis (mnemonic)
- cystic cervical mass adjacent to the angle of mandible
- pulmonary manifestations of lymphomatoid granulomatosis
- Knochenläsionen mit Sequester
- small bowel folds (differential diagnoses)
- Ranke complex
- multifocal spinal tuberculosis
- peritoneal tuberculosis following infliximab therapy
- galaxy sign
- Großgefäßvaskulitis
- Phemister triad
- chronic primary adrenal insufficiency
- Tuberkulose des Ösophagus
- Nachweis Tbc
- Isoniazid
- tubercular esophagocutaneous fistula
- tuberkulöse Lymphadenopathie
- Merkspruch Nasenseptumperforation
- chronic tuberculosis
- gastrointestinale Fistelbildungen
- ileozökale Tuberkulose
- discrete colonic ulceration
- MDR Tuberkulose
- Assmanninfiltrat
- tuberculosis in a child
- Ursachen für Perfusionsdefekte in der Lungenventilations / -perfusionsszintigraphie
- Handlungsempfehlung für den Umgang mit Patienten mit vermuteter Tuberkulose
- triad of Phemister
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu Tuberkulose:
