Metastasen im Hoden

Metastases to testis are a very rare cause of a testicular mass and may be bilateral in up to 15% of patients.

Epidemiology

Metastases to the testes are apparent in ~0.04% of autopsy studies in patients with known malignancy. The average age is 57 years, much older than the primary age for primary testicular cancer .

Pathology

The literature suggests that the rarity of metastases to the testes may be due to:

• lower temperature of the scrotum, so the malignant cells find it more difficult to proliferate
• testes are a 'sanctuary' site - due to the blood-testicular barrier

Etiology

In adults a malignant testicular lesion is much more likely to be a primary. Even so-called common sources are rare. The largest series of 20 cases of metastases to the testes, over a ten-year period, found the majority to be from leukemia .

Common

• leukaemia (most common) 
• lymphoma
• prostate (most common solid tumor origin)
• lung
• colorectal cancer
• renal cell carcinoma
• malignant melanoma

Very rare

• thyroid cancer
• esophageal adenocarcinoma
• pancreatic adenocarcinoma 
• gastric carcinoma
• upper tract urothelial carcinoma 
• hepatocellular carcinoma
• bladder cancer 

In children, sources include:

• neuroblastoma
• Wilms tumor
• rhabdomyosarcoma

See also

• testicular cancer
• unilateral testicular lesions
• bilateral testicular lesions
• paratesticular lesions

Siehe auch:

• Neuroblastom
• Nierenzellkarzinom
• Rhabdomyosarkom
• prostate
• Kolorektales Karzinom
• Schilddrüsenkarzinom
• Hodentumoren
• Malignes Melanom
• Harnblasenkarzinom
• Nephroblastom
• unilateral testicular lesions
• paratestikuläre Läsionen
• Lunge
• Seminom des Hodens
• Teratom des Hodens
• maligne Neoplasien des Hodens

und weiter:

• genitourinary curriculum
• bilateral testicular lesions
• paratestikuläre Tumoren
• skrotale Metastasen