genitourinary curriculum

The urogenital curriculum is one of our curriculum articles and aims to be a collection of articles that represent the core genitourinary knowledge.

Definition 

Topics pertaining to the urinary tract (kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra), adrenal glands, prostate penis, scrotal content (testes, epididymis and associated structures), but excluding those specific to obstetric curriculum and gynecology curriculum.

Anatomy

An understanding of the anatomy of relevant structures is essential. Core anatomical topics include:

• kidney
  • perirenal fascia
  • perirenal space
• adrenal gland
  • adrenal arteries
• ureter
• bladder
  • vesicoureteric junction
• urethra
• prostate
• scrotum
• testis
• epididymis
• testicular appendages

Radiological examinations

Imaging techniques relevant to imaging of the genitourinary system include:

• ultrasound
  • testicular ultrasound technique
  • renal tract ultrasound technique
  • transrectal prostate biopsy technique
  • penile doppler
• CT
  • CT intravenous pyelogram technique
• MRI
  • prostate MRI protocol

Pathology

Kidney

• congenital renal anomalies
  • renal agenesis/dysgenesis
  • horseshoe kidney
  • cross-fused renal ectopia
  • congenital megacalyces
  • duplex kidney
  • junctional parenchymal defect
• renal pseudotumor
• renal tumor: benign, adult
  • renal adenoma 
  • renal oncocytoma
  • angiomyolipoma (AML)
  • juxtaglomerular cell tumor
  • rhabdoid tumor
• renal tumor: malignant, adult
  • renal cell carcinoma
    • renal cell carcinoma staging
  • medullary carcinoma of the kidney
• renal tumor: pediatric
  • Wilm's tumor
  • Neuroblastoma
  • mesoblastic nephroma
  • multilocular cystic nephroma
• cystic renal disease
  • renal cyst
    • Bosniak classification
  • multilocular cystic nephroma
  • autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
  • autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
  • medullary sponge kidney
  • multicystic dysplastic kidney
• renal parenchymal disease
  • renal cortical necrosis
  • renal papillary necrosis
• renal inflammation
  • acute pyelonephritis
  • chronic pyelonephritis
  • renal tuberculosis
  • xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis
  • emphysematous pyelonephritis
  • renal abscess
• renal vascular anomaly
  • accessory renal vein
  • renal artery stenosis
• nephrocalcinosis
• transplant kidney
  • renal transplant related complications

Ureter, bladder & urethra

• ureter
  • congenital megaureter
  • ectopic ureter
  • duplex ureter
  • retrocaval ureter
  • pelviureteric junction obstruction
  • vascular impressions on ureter 
  • ureterocele
  • ovarian vein syndrome
  • pyeloureteritis cystica
  • ureteral pseudodiverticulosis
  • ureteral diverticulum
  • malacoplakia
  • leukoplakia
  • ureteral tumors
    • TCC of the ureter
  • ureteral diversions
• bladder
  • vesicoureteric reflux
  • bladder exstrophy
  • bladder diverticulum
  • malacoplakia
  • bladder calculus
  • neurogenic bladder
  • bladder tumors
    • adenocarcinoma
    • transitional cell carcinoma
    • squamous cell carcinoma
    • leiomyoma
• urethra
  • urethral agenesis
  • posterior urethral valves
  • tumors
    • melanoma of urethra
    • adenocarcinoma of urethral diverticulum

Retroperitoneum

• the retroperitoneum
• benign conditions
  • retroperitoneal hemorrhage
  • retroperitoneal abscess
  • retroperitoneal gas
  • retroperitoneal fibrosis
  • pelvic lipomatosis
• retroperitoneal tumors
  • mesodermal
    • retroperitoneal lipoma
    • retroperitoneal liposarcoma
    • retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma
    • retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma
    • retroperitoneal malignant fibrous histiocytoma
    • retroperitoneal lymphangiosarcoma
    • lymphoma
  • neural tumors
    • neurofibroma
    • spinal schwannoma
    • neuroblastoma
    • pheochromocytoma
    • ganglioneuroma
    • ganglioneuroblastoma
    • peripheral nerve schwannoma
  • embryonic tumors
    • teratoma
    • primary germ-cell tumor

Adrenals

• the adrenals
• adrenal medulla tumors
  • pheochromocytoma
  • multiple endocrine neoplasia type II
• adrenocortical tumors
  • adrenal adenoma
  • adrenocortical carcinoma
  • adrenal metastases
  • adrenal myelolipoma
  • adrenal cyst
  • adrenal hemangioma
• adrenal hemorrhage
• adrenal infection
• primary pigmented nodular adrenal dysplasia
• functional adrenal disorders
  • Cushing syndrome
  • hyperaldosteronism
  • adrenal insufficiency
• adrenal calcification
• adrenal hemangioma

Scrotum

• cryptorchidism
• spermatocele
• epididymal cyst
• acute scrotum
  • testicular torsion
  • acute epididymo-orchitis
  • acute orchitis 
  • testicular trauma
  • appendix testes torsion
• scrotal infections
• Fournier's gangrene
• testicular tumors
  • adenomatoid tumor
  • testicular seminoma
  • testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumors
  • testicular cancer
  • testicular metastases

Penis

• epispadias, hypospadias
• Peyronie's disease
• penile implants

Male infertility

• pseudohermaphroditism
• azoospermia
• erectile dysfunction
• Leriche syndrome
• varicocele

Prostate

• benign prostatic hypertrophy
• prostatic adenocarcinoma
• prostatic melanoma
• prostatic sarcoma
• prostatitis

Miscellaneous pathology

• urachal anomalies
• aggressive angiomyxoma

Related Radiopaedia articles

Curricula

• curriculum
  • anatomy curriculum
  • ​imaging curricula
    • breast curriculum
    • cardiac curriculum
    • central nervous system curriculum
    • chest curriculum
    • gastrointestinal curriculum
    • gynecology curriculum
    • head and neck curriculum
    • hepatobiliary curriculum
    • intervention curriculum
    • musculoskeletal curriculum
    • obstetric curriculum
    • pediatric curriculum
    • post-mortem and forensic curriculum
    • urogenital curriculum
    • vascular curriculum
  • medical student curriculum
  • pathology curriculum
    • general pathology
    • systemic pathology
      • pathology of the vascular system
      • cardiac pathology
      • pathology of the hematological and lymphatic systems
      • pathology of the lung and pleura
      • pathology of the head and neck
      • pathology of the gastrointestinal system
      • pathology of the liver, biliary tract and pancreas
      • pathology of the kidney and urinary tract
      • pathology of the male genital system
      • pathology of the female genital system
      • pathology of the breast
      • pathology of the endocrine system
      • pathology of the skin
      • pathology of the musculoskeletal system and soft tissues
      • pathology of the nervous system
      • pathology of the ocular system
  • physics curriculum
  • radiography curriculum
    • general radiography curriculum
    • CT curriculum
    • MRI
    • ultrasound 
    • nuclear medicine 
    • radiation therapy 

Siehe auch:

• Angiomyolipom
• Bosniak-Klassifikation
• perirenal fascia
• Blasenstein
• Myelolipom Nebenniere
• Teratom
• Nebennierenadenom
• Neuroblastom
• junktionaler Parenchymdefekt der Niere
• Nierenzellkarzinom
• Retroperitoneum
• obstetric curriculum
• perirenal space
• Nierenarterienstenose
• Hufeisenniere
• vesicoureteric junction
• Leriche-Syndrom
• scrotum
• Hydatidentorsion
• angeborene renale Anomalien
• Ureterozele
• Nephrokalzinose
• Hodentorsion
• Kryptorchismus
• multizystische Nierendysplasie
• akute Pyelonephritis
• Neurofibrom
• Doppelniere
• Phäochromozytom
• medullary sponge kidney
• Nierentuberkulose
• spinale Schwannome
• Urethra
• xanthogranulomatöse Pyelonephritis
• Harnblasendivertikel
• Nebennierenblutung
• Prostatitis
• Fournier-Gangrän
• Ureterabgangsstenose
• Varikozele
• Adenokarzinom der Prostata
• retroperitoneales Liposarkom
• Leiomyom
• Hodentumoren
• Blasenekstrophie
• Seminom
• Nierentumor
• einseitige Nierenagenesie
• Nebenhoden
• Harnblase
• autosomal-dominante polyzystische Nierenerkrankung
• ureteritis cystica
• Vesikoureteraler Reflux
• Hoden
• neurogene Blase
• Urothelkarzinom
• retroperitoneale Tumoren
• Plattenepithelkarzinom
• Nephroblastom
• benigne Prostatahyperplasie
• Urethralklappe
• Nebennierenrindenkarzinom
• Hypospadie
• Spermatozele
• Nierenabszess
• emphysematöse Pyelonephritis
• epispadias
• Nebenniere
• Metastasen im Hoden
• Nebenhodenzysten
• Morgagni-Hydatide
• retroperitoneales Leiomyosarkom
• renal cortical necrosis
• Verkalkungen der Nebennnieren
• medulläres Nierenkarzinom
• urethral atresia
• azoospermia
• zystische Läsionen der Nebennieren
• renal cell carcinoma staging
• TCC of the ureter
• retrocavaler Verlauf des Ureters
• gekreuzte Nierendystopie mit Verschmelzung
• Tumoren des Ureters
• Hämangiom der Nebenniere
• curriculum
• autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
• akutes Skrotum
• multilokuläres zystisches Nephrom
• Induratio penis plastica
• freie retroperitoneale Luft
• Onkozytom der Niere
• maligne Neoplasien des Hodens
• Sarkome der Prostata
• adenocarcinoma
• Pseudohermaphroditismus
• Epididymoorchitis
• primary pigmented nodular adrenal dysplasia (PPNAD)
• Komplikationen nach Nierentransplantation
• cystic renal disease
• pleomorphes undifferenziertes Sarkom des Retroperitoneums
• Papillennekrose der Niere
• kongenitales mesoblastisches Nephrom
• gynäkologisch radiologisches Curriculum
• penile doppler
• Pseudotumor der Niere
• primäres malignes Melanom der Urethra
• maligner rhabdoider Tumor
• Infektionen des Skrotums
• Multiple endokrine Neoplasien Typ 2
• pelvine Lipomatose
• Adenokarzinom in einem Divertikel der Urethra
• renal tumour : paediatric
• accessory renal vein
• dysgenesis
• adenomatoid tumour
• prostatic melanoma
• Nebenierenarterien
• tumours
• urachal anomalies
• testicular non-seminomatous germ cell tumours
• Megakalikose
• kongenitaler Megaureter
• Malakoplakie des Harntraktes
• retroperitoneale Fibrose allgemein
• Erektile Dysfunktion
• Cushing-Syndrom
• Angiomyxom

und weiter:

• Anomalien des Ureters