Brain stone

Brain stones, also known as cerebral calculi, refers to large intracranial calcifications that may be solitary or multiple.

Clinical presentation

If symptomatic, patients most commonly present with seizures.

Pathology

Localization of brain stones can help narrow the underlying etiology but the causes are numerous :

• intra-axial
  • calcifying tumors, e.g. oligodendrogliomas
  • vascular, e.g. cavernous malformations, arteriovenous malformations, aneurysms
  • infectious, e.g. congenital TORCH infections, tuberculosis, neurocysticercosis
  • congenital, e.g. Sturge-Weber syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, intracranial lipomas
  • metabolic, e.g. Fahr disease, hyper/hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism
• extra-axial
  • meningiomas
  • dural osteomas
  • calcifying tumors, e.g. craniopharyngiomas
• intra- or extra-axial
  • calcifying pseudoneoplasms of the neuraxis (CAPNON)

See also

• pituitary stone

Siehe auch:

• zerebrale Verkalkungen
• Morbus Fahr
• Arteria vertebralis
• Hirnabszess
• Neurozystizerkose
• Sturge-Weber-Krabbe-Syndrom
• zerebrale arteriovenöse Malformation
• Neurotoxoplasmose
• Sinus cavernosus
• Morbus Hippel-Lindau
• haematoma
• TORCH
• Pseudohypoparathyreoidismus
• periventrikuläre Verkalkungen
• metastatic calcification in the brain
• mineralisierende Mikroangiopathie
• normale intrakranielle Verkalkungen
• Eisenablagerungen im Gehirn
• cerebral coccidiomycosis
• zerebrale Verkalkungen im MRT
• Hypoparathyreoidismus
• intramurales Hämatom der Aorta
• intrakranielle Arteriosklerose
• Verkalkungen Kleinhirn
• verkalkte zerebrale Embolien
• kongenitale zerebrale Toxoplasmose