Tumoren des vorderen oberen Mediastinums
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Getting a film with an anterior mediastinal mass in the exam is one of the many exam set-pieces that can be prepared for.
The film goes up and after a couple of seconds pause, you need to start talking:
CXR
There is a left sided mediastinal mass that makes obtuse angles with the mediastinal contour. The hilar vessels can be seen through the mass - this is the hilum overlay sign and means this is not in the middle mediastinum. The paravertebral line can also be seen, placing this mass in the anterior mediastinum.
The differential includes lymphoma, thyroid malignancy, thymoma and teratoma and the age of the patient and accompanying clinical symptoms and signs would help order the list.
I would notify the referring clinician urgently and suggest a CT scan to assist diagnosis and assess the extent of disease.
CT
Selected axial and sagittal slices from a contrast enhanced CT chest.
This confirms that the mass is in the anterior mediastinum. There are fatty and calcific components suggesting a diagnosis of teratoma. A CT-guided biopsy could be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Notes
- when the CT goes up - don't go back to the beginning. Use the phrase "this confirms..."
- where there is fat and calcification in an anterior mediastinal mass, think teratoma
- in lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease is more common in younger patients with lymphadenopathy isolated to the chest
See also
Siehe auch:
- Mediastinum
- Thymus
- Teratom
- Lymphom
- Schilddrüse
- Keimzelltumor
- Perikard
- Chorionkarzinom
- thorakales Aortenaneurysma
- mediastinales Teratom
- Morbus Hodgkin
- anterosuperior mediastinal mass (mnemonic)
- primäre Thymusneoplasien
- hilum overlay sign
- Neoplasien der Schilddrüse
- vorderes Mediastinum
- Normale Herzkonfiguration im Röntgen-Thorax
- chest radiograph in the exam setting
- mediastinales Seminom
- IgG4-assoziierte Erkrankung des Mediastinums
und weiter:
- Pancoast tumour
- Thymuskarzinom
- Thymom
- mediastinal lymphoma
- Thymuslipom
- invasives Thymom
- Morbus Castleman
- enlargement of the cardiac silhouette
- retrosternal airspace
- large-cell lymphoma of the mediastium
- mediastinale Keimzelltumoren
- Raumforderungen oberes Mediastinum
- thymic epithelial tumours
- obliteration of the retrosternal airspace
- adult chest radiograph set-pieces
- mediastinale Raumforderungen
- oberes Mediastinum
- Metastasen im Thymus
- Karzinoid des Thymus
- mediastinal malignant germinoma
- Teratom des Thymus
- hydatid cyst of the mediastinum
- lymphofollikuläre Thymushyperplasie
- Chondrosarkom des Sternums
- primäres Lymphom des Thymus
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