congenital cardiovascular anomalies
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Congenital cardiovascular anomalies are relatively common, with an incidence of up to 1% if small muscular VSDs are included. As a group, there is a much greater frequency in syndromic infants and in those that are stillborn.
Clinical presentation
Broadly, congenital cardiovascular anomalies can be clinically divided into:
Depending on the lesion and its severity, patients may be asymptomatic or conversely, may present with rapidly deteriorating congestive cardiac failure.
Pathology
These defects as a group have a heterogeneous etiology with many resulting from an interplay between both genetic and environmental factors.
Subtypes
A list of anomalies and their approximate occurrences (as a percentage of all congenital cardiac disease) are given below:
- ventricular septal defect (VSD): 40%
- atrial septal defect (ASD): 10%
- congenital pulmonary stenosis: 8%
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): 7%
- transposition of the great arteries (TGA): 7%
- tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): 5%
- coarctation of the aorta: 5%
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): 4%
- congenital aortic stenosis: 4%
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): 4%
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV): 2%
- interrupted aortic arch (IAA): 1.5%
- truncus arteriosus: 1%
- total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR): 1%
- tricuspid atresia: 1%
- pulmonary atresia:
- Ebstein anomaly: 0.7%
- Bland-White-Garland syndrome: ~0.5%
- cor triatriatum: ~0.1%
- partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR): 0.5%
- double outlet left ventricle (DOLV)
- aortopulmonary septal defect: <1%
- Gerbode defect: <1%
- Shone complex: <1%
- hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS)
- aortoventricular tunnel <0.1%
Other valvular anomalies
Percentages may not necessarily add up to 100 due to overlap and simultaneous occurrence of abnormalities.
Associations
Congenital cardiac anomalies can be found with many aneuploid conditions which include:
- trisomy 18: up to 90% can have cardiac anomalies
- trisomy 13: up to 90%
- trisomy 21: up to 50%
- Turner syndrome: up to 40%
Siehe auch:
- Aortenisthmusstenose
- Chiari-Netz
- Pätau-Syndrom
- Persistierender Ductus arteriosus
- Atriumseptumdefekt
- Down-Syndrom
- Ebstein anomaly
- Normvarianten Koronararterien
- Varianten der Herzanatomie
- Cor triatriatum
- Trisomie 18
- Fallot'sche Tetralogie
- Turner-Syndrom
- tricuspid atresia
- Transposition der großen Arterien
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- quadricuspid aortic valve
- Bland-White-Garland-Syndrom
- Bikuspidalität der Aortenklappe
- Divertikel des linken Vorhofs
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
- congenital aortic stenosis
- conotruncal cardiac anomalies
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
- Single Ventricle
- totale Lungenvenenfehlmündung
- Pulmonalatresie
- Normale Herzkonfiguration im Röntgen-Thorax
- partielle Lungenvenenfehlmündung
- Valvula Eustachii
- Ventrikelseptumdefekt
- fibromuskuläres Band im linken Vorhof
- Truncus arteriosus communis
- congenital heart disease : CXR approach
- Atresie der Aorta
- kongenitale Pulmonalstenose
und weiter:
- Ektasie Aorta ascendens
- einseitig vermehrte Transparenz Thorax
- Situs inversus
- Lungensequester
- obstetric curriculum
- Herzfehler
- Ösophagusatresie
- Hydrops fetalis
- Chylothorax
- Kardiomegalie
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- mandibuläre Retrognathie
- acyanotic congenital heart disease
- Ellis-van-Creveld-Syndrom
- Mikrognathie
- fetal conditions associated with maternal diabetes
- Situs ambiguus
- rechts descendierende Aorta
- Fetales Valproat-Syndrom
- nuchal translucency
- Diastrophische Dysplasie
- fetal pleural effusion
- CXR approach to congenital heart disease
- Abernethy malformation
- caudal dysplasia sequence
- Surfactant-Mangelsyndrom
- Embryopathia rubeolosa
- CHARGE-Syndrom
- chest x-ray appeoach to congenital heart disease
- abnormal ductus venosus waveforms
- Cornelia-de-Lange-Syndrom
- polysplenia
- Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom
- congenital heart disease - chest x-ray approach
- Lungensequester extralobulär
- nuchal thickness
- Golfballphänomen
- Goldenhar-Gorlin-Syndrom
- mesoectodermal dysplasia
- Herz Anatomie
- Fryns-Syndrom
- kongenitale pulmonale Atemwegsmalformation (CPAM)
- Kabuki-Syndrom
- fetal complete atrioventricular block
- endocardial cushion defect
- camptomelic dysplasia
- fetal tachyarrhythmia
- anomalous left coronary artery off the pulmonary artery
- hydrolethalus
- McKusick-Kaufman-Syndrom
- dilantin embryopathy
- four chamber cardiac view
- epikardiale Schrittmachersonden
- verzögerte Skelettreifung
- absent ductus venosus
- fetal bradyarrhythmia
- transient tachypnea of newborn
- congenital vascular anomalies
- iron deficiency anaemia
- camptomelic dwarfism
- fetal premature atrial contractions
- lentiginosis profusa syndrome
- fetal nuchal oedema
- retained foetal fluid
- Zyanotischer Herzfehler
- Thrombozytopenie-Radiusaplasie-Syndrom
- cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly
- Valvula thebesii
- Membran im linken Vorhof
- Zephalozele
- double chamber right ventricle (DCRV)
- Herzektopie
- Miller-Dieker Syndrom
- Nabelvenenaneurysma
- kongenitaler Hydrozephalus
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