congenital cardiovascular anomalies
Congenital cardiovascular anomalies are relatively common, with an incidence of up to 1% if small muscular VSDs are included. As a group, there is a much greater frequency in syndromic infants and in those that are stillborn.
Clinical presentation
Broadly, congenital cardiovascular anomalies can be clinically divided into:
Depending on the lesion and its severity, patients may be asymptomatic or conversely, may present with rapidly deteriorating congestive cardiac failure.
Pathology
These defects as a group have a heterogeneous etiology with many resulting from an interplay between both genetic and environmental factors.
Subtypes
A list of anomalies and their approximate occurrences (as a percentage of all congenital cardiac disease) are given below:
- ventricular septal defect (VSD): 40%
- atrial septal defect (ASD): 10%
- congenital pulmonary stenosis: 8%
- patent ductus arteriosus (PDA): 7%
- transposition of the great arteries (TGA): 7%
- tetralogy of Fallot (TOF): 5%
- coarctation of the aorta: 5%
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD): 4%
- congenital aortic stenosis: 4%
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS): 4%
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV): 2%
- interrupted aortic arch (IAA): 1.5%
- truncus arteriosus: 1%
- total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR): 1%
- tricuspid atresia: 1%
- pulmonary atresia:
- Ebstein anomaly: 0.7%
- Bland-White-Garland syndrome: ~0.5%
- cor triatriatum: ~0.1%
- partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR): 0.5%
- double outlet left ventricle (DOLV)
- aortopulmonary septal defect: <1%
- Gerbode defect: <1%
- Shone complex: <1%
- hypoplastic right heart syndrome (HRHS)
- aortoventricular tunnel <0.1%
Other valvular anomalies
Percentages may not necessarily add up to 100 due to overlap and simultaneous occurrence of abnormalities.
Associations
Congenital cardiac anomalies can be found with many aneuploid conditions which include:
- trisomy 18: up to 90% can have cardiac anomalies
- trisomy 13: up to 90%
- trisomy 21: up to 50%
- Turner syndrome: up to 40%
Siehe auch:
- Lungenvenenfehlmündung
- Aortenisthmusstenose
- Ebstein anomaly
- truncus arteriosus
- tricuspid atresia
- Turner-Syndrom
- Atriumseptumdefekt
- congenital pulmonary stenosis
- total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR)
- Persistierender Ductus arteriosus
- Down-Syndrom
- Pätau-Syndrom
- congenital aortic stenosis
- Trisomie 18
- ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- Cor triatriatum
- quadricuspid aortic valve
- atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD)
- Fallot'sche Tetralogie
- conotruncal cardiac anomalies
- Bikuspidalität der Aortenklappe
- Transposition der großen Arterien
- Chiari-Netz
- Single Ventricle
- Fehlbildungen der Koronararterien
- interrupted aortic arch (IAA)
- double outlet right ventricle (DORV)
- Varianten der Herzanatomie
- normal cardiomediastinal contours on chest radiography
- Bland-White-Garland-Syndrom
- links atriales Band
- Divertikel des linken Vorhofs
- hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS)
- Pulmonalatresie
- congenital heart disease : CXR approach
- Valvula Eustachii
und weiter:
- Hydrops fetalis
- congenital pulmonary airway malformation
- Situs inversus
- Chylothorax
- Ektasie Aorta ascendens
- cyanotic congenital heart disease
- Ellis-van-Creveld-Syndrom
- einseitig vermehrte Transparenz Thorax
- Ösophagusatresie
- obstetric curriculum
- nuchal translucency
- Double outlet right ventricle
- Herzfehler
- mandibuläre Retrognathie
- acyanotic congenital heart disease
- rechts descendierende Aorta
- Mikrognathie
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
- Lungensequester
- fetal pleural effusion
- CHARGE-Syndrom
- Abernethy malformation
- Situs ambiguus
- fetal conditions associated with maternal diabetes
- fetal complete atrioventricular block
- Kardiomegalie
- Goldenhar-Gorlin-Syndrom
- Diastrophische Dysplasie
- fetal tachyarrhythmia
- umbilical vein varix
- Herz Anatomie
- camptomelic dysplasia
- nuchal thickness
- Fetales Valproat-Syndrom
- Kabuki-Syndrom
- Embryopathia rubeolosa
- polysplenia
- congenital hydrocephalus
- Cornelia-de-Lange-Syndrom
- CXR approach to congenital heart disease
- ectopia cordis
- chest x-ray appeoach to congenital heart disease
- Lungensequester extralobulär
- Fryns-Syndrom
- congenital heart disease - chest x-ray approach
- abnormal ductus venosus waveforms
- Golfballphänomen
- Surfactant-Mangelsyndrom
- fetal bradyarrhythmia
- hydrolethalus
- fetal premature atrial contractions
- Rubinstein-Taybi-Syndrom
- left atrial band
- iron deficiency anaemia
- endocardial cushion defect
- dilantin embryopathy
- megakaryocytopenia-absent radius
- left atrial membrane
- Miller-Dieker lissencephaly syndrome
- anomalous left coronary artery off the pulmonary artery
- McKusick-Kaufman-Syndrom
- mesoectodermal dysplasia
- congenital vascular anomalies
- absent ductus venosus
- cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly
- cephalocoele
- camptomelic dwarfism
- four chamber cardiac view
- caudal dysplasia sequence
- transient tachypnea of newborn
- lentiginosis profusa syndrome
- retained foetal fluid
- fetal nuchal oedema
- verzögerte Skelettreifung
- epikardiale Schrittmachersonden
- Valvula thebesii
