Jet hematoma

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A jet hematoma or flame hemorrhage is a term used to describe an intraparenchymal hematoma adjacent to a ruptured intracranial berry aneurysm caused when the ruptured aneurysm abuts a lobe of the brain and the pressure of the blood leaving the aneurysm dissects into the brain parenchyma.

Pathology

Location

inferior frontal lobe - ruptured ACOM, A1, A2 or M1 aneurysm
anterior temporal lobe - ruptured M1 aneurysm
medial temporal lobe - rupture PCOM aneurysm

There is a high association with concomitant subdural hemorrhage from the aneurysmal rupture.

Radiographic features

CT

elongated hyperdense hematoma in the periphery of the affect lobe
- in the frontal lobe often located in the gyrus rectus
the hematoma often 'points' to the site of the ruptured aneurysm, appearing continuous with the subarachnoid space
if large enough, the aneurysm may cause a filling defect in the hematoma
associated subarachnoid hemorrhage

Stroke and intracranial haemorrhage

stroke and intracranial hemorrhage
- code stroke CT (an approach)
- ischemic stroke
  - general discussions
  - scoring and classification systems
  - signs
  - by region
    - hemispheric infarcts
      - frontal lobe infarct
      - parietal lobe infarct
        Gerstmann syndrome
      - temporal lobe infarct
      - occipital lobe infarct
        alexia without agraphia syndrome: PCA
        
        cortical blindness syndrome (Anton syndrome): top of basilar or bilateral PCA
        
        Balint syndrome: bilateral PCA
    - lacunar infarct
      - lacunar stroke syndromes
      - lenticulostriate infarct
    - thalamic infarct
      - Déjerine-Roussy syndrome (thalamic pain syndrome): thalamoperforators of PCA
      - top of the basilar syndrome
    - striatocapsular infarct
    - cerebellar infarct
    - brainstem infarct
      - midbrain infarct
        Benedikt syndrome: PCA
        
        Claude syndrome: PCA
        
        Nothnagel syndrome: PCA
        
        Weber syndrome: PCA
      - pontine infarct
        Brissaud-Sicard syndrome
        
        facial colliculus syndrome
        
        Gasperini syndrome: basilar artery or AICA
        
        inferior medial pontine syndrome (Foville syndrome): basilar artery
        
        lateral pontine syndrome (Marie-Foix syndrome): basilar artery or AICA
        
        locked-in syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Millard-Gubler syndrome: basilar artery
        
        Raymond syndrome: basilar artery
      - medullary infarct
        Babinski-Nageotte syndrome
        
        hemimedullary syndrome (Reinhold syndrome)
        
        lateral medullary stroke syndrome (Wallenberg syndrome)
        
        medial medullary syndrome (Déjerine syndrome)
    - acute spinal cord ischemia syndrome
  - by vascular territory
    - anterior circulation infarction
    - posterior circulation infarction
  - treatment options
    - mechanical thrombectomy
  - complications
    - crossed cerebellar diaschisis
    - hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic infarct
      - cerebral intraparenchymal hyperattenuations post thrombectomy
- intracranial hemorrhage
  - intra-axial hemorrhage
    - signs and formulas
      - ABC/2 (volume estimation)
      - CTA spot sign
      - swirl sign
    - by region or type
  - extra-axial hemorrhage

Jet hematoma

Pathology

Location

Radiographic features

CT

Related Radiopaedia articles

Stroke and intracranial haemorrhage