proximal femoral fractures

Classification
of hip fractures.
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Mediale
Schenkelhalsfraktur links
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Transzervikale
Femurfraktur links
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Unverschobene
pertrochantäre Femurfraktur rechts
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Abriss
Trochanter major. Postoperativ nach Refixierung mittels Krallenplatte mit Cerclagen.
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Mediale
Schenkelhalsfraktur links
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Hip-Joint,
fracture of the collum femoris. Lefthand from the head is the rather large dislocation and fracture-zone to be seen.
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Proximal
femoral fractures • Proximal femoral fracture description (annotated image) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Lustosa L, Proximal femoral fracture description (annotated image). Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 09 Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-92109 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)
Proximal
femoral fractures • Severe pelvic trauma (hip dislocation with bilateral femoral fractures) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
Murphy A, Severe pelvic trauma (hip dislocation with bilateral femoral fractures). Case study, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 09 Oct 2023) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-47822 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)
Radiopaedia • CC-by-nc-sa 3.0 • de

Proximal femoral fractures are a subset of fractures that occur in the hip region. They tend to occur in older patients, and in those who have osteoporosis. In this group of patients, fracture is usually the result of low-impact trauma although, in younger patients they are usually victims of high-impact trauma, usually during a car accident.

Anatomy

The anatomy of the region is important when considering fractures of the proximal femur. Blood supply for the femoral head is derived from vessels within the hip capsule. When a fracture of the femoral neck occurs, disruption to these blood vessels can occur result in devascularisation of the femoral head and resulting avascular necrosis.

Classification

Proximal femoral fractures are therefore divided into groups based on their location with regard to the capsule, i.e. whether they are intracapsular or extracapsular.

Intracapsular fractures

Intracapsular fractures are important because of their propensity to damage the small intracapsular vessels that provide the majority of the blood supply to the femoral head. Femoral neck fractures must therefore be diagnosed and treated appropriately in order to reduce the morbidity from the consequences of devascularisation.

Femoral head fractures are rare intracapsular injuries, but are very different from femoral neck fractures in that they do not cause disruption to the vessels that supply blood to the femoral head. They usually occur secondary to femoral head dislocation.

Extracapsular fractures

Fractures outside the capsule do not cause the same degree of vascular damage as intracapsular fractures and therefore can be treated differently. The trochanteric fractures are extracapsular injuries.

Fractures
Siehe auch:
und weiter:
Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu proximale Femurfrakturen:
Fraktur
Trochanter major
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pertrochantäre
Femurfraktur
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Schenkelhalsfraktur
 
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Garden
classification
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intertrochantäre
Femurfraktur
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Klassifikation
proximale Femurfrakturen
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Avulsionsfraktur
Trochanter major
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