Forefoot | pacs

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Lower limb bones (illustrations) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

College, O. Lower limb bones (illustrations). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 24 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-42753 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

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The forefoot is the portion of the foot distal to the midfoot and is composed of the metatarsals and the phalanges. The tarsometatarsal joints (TMTJ) joins the midfoot to the forefoot.

Anatomy: Lower limb

Anatomy: Lower limb

skeleton of the lower limb
joints of the lower limb
- hip joint
  - ligaments
  - muscles
  - additional structures
    - hip joint capsule
    - zona orbicularis
    - iliotibial band
    - hip bursae
      - anterior
        iliopsoas bursa (iliopectineal bursa)
      - lateral
        subgluteal bursae
        greater trochanteric bursa (subgluteus maximus bursa)
        
        subgluteus medius bursa
        
        subgluteus minimus bursa
        
        gluteofemoral bursa
      - postero-inferior
        obturator externus bursa
        
        obturator internus bursa
        
        ischiogluteal bursa
  - ossification centers
- knee joint
- tibiofibular joints
  - proximal tibiofibular joint
  - distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
    - ligaments
      - anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
        accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
      - posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
- ankle joint
  - regional anatomy
    - medial ankle
    - lateral ankle
    - anterior ankle
  - ligaments
    - medial collateral (deltoid) ligament
      - superficial layer
        tibionavicular ligament
        
        tibiospring ligament
        
        tibiocalcaneal ligament
        
        superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament
      - deep layer
        anterior tibiotalar ligament
        
        deep posterior tibiotalar ligament
    - lateral collateral ligament
    - additional structures
    - ankle bursae
      - retrocalcaneal bursa
      - subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
  - ossification centers of the ankle
  - variants
    - ball and socket ankle joint
- foot joints
  - subtalar joint
    - articulations
      - talocalcaneal joint
    - ligaments
    - associated structures
  - mid-tarsal (Chopart) joint
    - talonavicular joint
    - calcaneocuboid joint
  - tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint
    - ligaments
      - Lisfranc ligament
  - intermetatarsal joint
  - metatarsophalangeal joint
    - intermetatarsal bursa
  - interphalangeal joint
  - ossification centers
spaces of the lower limb
- adductor canal
- femoral sheath
  - femoral canal
    - femoral ring
- femoral triangle (contents mnemonic | boundaries mnemonic)
- foot subdivisions
- popliteal fossa (mnemonic)
- spring ligament recess
- tarsal tunnel (mnemonic)
- triangular space of cruciate ligaments
muscles of the lower limb
- muscles of the pelvic group
  - inner hip group
    - iliopsoas muscle
  - gluteal region
    - gluteal muscles
    - tensor fasciae latae muscle
    - accessory gluteal muscles
      - gluteus quartus muscle
  - lateral rotator group
- muscles of the thigh
- muscles of the leg
  - anterior compartment of the leg
  - posterior compartments of the leg
    - superficial posterior compartment of the leg (calf)
      - triceps surae muscle
        medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
        
        soleus muscle
        accessory soleus muscle
      - plantaris muscle
      - calcaneal tendon
    - deep posterior compartment of the leg
  - lateral compartment of the leg
    - peroneus brevis muscle
    - peroneus longus muscle
- muscles of the foot
  - dorsal muscles
    - extensor hallucis brevis muscle
    - extensor digitorum brevis muscle
  - plantar muscles
    - 1st layer
    - 2nd layer
      - quadratus plantae muscle
      - lumbrical muscles
    - 3rd layer
    - 4th layer
      - dorsal interossei muscles
      - plantar interossei muscles
- accessory muscles
  - accessory peroneal muscles
vascular supply of the lower limb
- arterial supply of the lower limb
- venous drainage of the lower limb
  - deep system
    - common femoral vein
      - femoral vein
        deep femoral vein
        
        popliteal vein
        peroneal vein
        
        posterior tibial vein
        
        anterior tibial vein
  - superficial system
    - great saphenous vein
      - dorsal venous plexus
    - small saphenous vein
      - vein of Giacomini
    - lateral marginal vein
  - venous drainage of the foot
innervation of the lower limb
- lumbar plexus (mnemonic)
  - femoral nerve
    - saphenous nerve
  - obturator nerve
- sacral plexus
  - sciatic nerve (motor distribution)
    - common peroneal nerve
      - superficial peroneal nerve
      - deep peroneal nerve
    - tibial nerve
lymphatic system of the lower limb
- lymphatic pathways
  - anteromedial group
  - anterolateral group
  - posteromedial group
  - posterolateral group
- lower limb lymph nodes
  - inguinal lymph nodes
    - superficial inguinal lymph nodes
    - deep inguinal lymph nodes
  - popliteal lymph nodes

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