Hindfoot | pacs

Talus •

Lower limb bones (illustrations) - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia

College, O. Lower limb bones (illustrations). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 24 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-42753 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

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Hindfoot

The hindfoot is the most posterior portion of the foot and is composed of the talus and calcaneus. The mid-tarsal joint (Chopart joint) joins the hindfoot to the midfoot.

Anatomy: Lower limb

Anatomy: Lower limb

skeleton of the lower limb
joints of the lower limb
- hip joint
  - ligaments
  - muscles
  - additional structures
    - hip joint capsule
    - zona orbicularis
    - iliotibial band
    - hip bursae
      - anterior
        iliopsoas bursa (iliopectineal bursa)
      - lateral
        subgluteal bursae
        greater trochanteric bursa (subgluteus maximus bursa)
        
        subgluteus medius bursa
        
        subgluteus minimus bursa
        
        gluteofemoral bursa
      - postero-inferior
        obturator externus bursa
        
        obturator internus bursa
        
        ischiogluteal bursa
  - ossification centers
- knee joint
- tibiofibular joints
  - proximal tibiofibular joint
  - distal tibiofibular syndesmosis
    - ligaments
      - anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
        accessory anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
      - posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
- ankle joint
  - regional anatomy
    - medial ankle
    - lateral ankle
    - anterior ankle
  - ligaments
    - medial collateral (deltoid) ligament
      - superficial layer
        tibionavicular ligament
        
        tibiospring ligament
        
        tibiocalcaneal ligament
        
        superficial posterior tibiotalar ligament
      - deep layer
        anterior tibiotalar ligament
        
        deep posterior tibiotalar ligament
    - lateral collateral ligament
    - additional structures
    - ankle bursae
      - retrocalcaneal bursa
      - subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
  - ossification centers of the ankle
  - variants
    - ball and socket ankle joint
- foot joints
  - subtalar joint
    - articulations
      - talocalcaneal joint
    - ligaments
    - associated structures
  - mid-tarsal (Chopart) joint
    - talonavicular joint
    - calcaneocuboid joint
  - tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) joint
    - ligaments
      - Lisfranc ligament
  - intermetatarsal joint
  - metatarsophalangeal joint
    - intermetatarsal bursa
  - interphalangeal joint
  - ossification centers
spaces of the lower limb
- adductor canal
- femoral sheath
  - femoral canal
    - femoral ring
- femoral triangle (contents mnemonic | boundaries mnemonic)
- foot subdivisions
- popliteal fossa (mnemonic)
- spring ligament recess
- tarsal tunnel (mnemonic)
- triangular space of cruciate ligaments
muscles of the lower limb
- muscles of the pelvic group
  - inner hip group
    - iliopsoas muscle
  - gluteal region
    - gluteal muscles
    - tensor fasciae latae muscle
    - accessory gluteal muscles
      - gluteus quartus muscle
  - lateral rotator group
- muscles of the thigh
- muscles of the leg
  - anterior compartment of the leg
  - posterior compartments of the leg
    - superficial posterior compartment of the leg (calf)
      - triceps surae muscle
        medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius muscle
        
        soleus muscle
        accessory soleus muscle
      - plantaris muscle
      - calcaneal tendon
    - deep posterior compartment of the leg
  - lateral compartment of the leg
    - peroneus brevis muscle
    - peroneus longus muscle
- muscles of the foot
  - dorsal muscles
    - extensor hallucis brevis muscle
    - extensor digitorum brevis muscle
  - plantar muscles
    - 1st layer
    - 2nd layer
      - quadratus plantae muscle
      - lumbrical muscles
    - 3rd layer
    - 4th layer
      - dorsal interossei muscles
      - plantar interossei muscles
- accessory muscles
  - accessory peroneal muscles
vascular supply of the lower limb
- arterial supply of the lower limb
- venous drainage of the lower limb
  - deep system
    - common femoral vein
      - femoral vein
        deep femoral vein
        
        popliteal vein
        peroneal vein
        
        posterior tibial vein
        
        anterior tibial vein
  - superficial system
    - great saphenous vein
      - dorsal venous plexus
    - small saphenous vein
      - vein of Giacomini
    - lateral marginal vein
  - venous drainage of the foot
innervation of the lower limb
- lumbar plexus (mnemonic)
  - femoral nerve
    - saphenous nerve
  - obturator nerve
- sacral plexus
  - sciatic nerve (motor distribution)
    - common peroneal nerve
      - superficial peroneal nerve
      - deep peroneal nerve
    - tibial nerve
lymphatic system of the lower limb
- lymphatic pathways
  - anteromedial group
  - anterolateral group
  - posteromedial group
  - posterolateral group
- lower limb lymph nodes
  - inguinal lymph nodes
    - superficial inguinal lymph nodes
    - deep inguinal lymph nodes
  - popliteal lymph nodes

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