Circular sulcus

The circular sulcus is a deep sulcus that surrounds the insular cortex and separates it from the operculum of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. The circular sulcus is contiguous with the lateral (Sylvian) sulcus inferiorly.

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Anatomy: Brain

Anatomy: Brain

• brain
  • grey matter
  • white matter
  • cerebrum 
    • cerebral hemisphere (telencephalon)
      • cerebral lobes and gyri
        • frontal lobe
          • frontal pole
          • frontopolar cortex
          • superior frontal gyrus
          • middle frontal gyrus
          • inferior frontal gyrus
            • pars orbitalis
            • pars triangularis
            • pars opercularis
          • precentral gyrus
          • medial frontal gyrus
            • supplementary motor area
          • paracentral lobule
          • cingulate gyrus
            • anterior cingulate cortex
          • orbital gyrus
          • gyrus rectus
          • rostral gyrus
          • septal area
        • parietal lobe
          • postcentral gyrus
          • superior parietal lobule
          • inferior parietal lobule
            • supramarginal gyrus
            • angular gyrus
          • precuneus
        • occipital lobe
          • occipital pole
          • lingual gyrus
          • fusiform gyrus (Brodmann area 37)
          • calcarine (visual) cortex
          • cuneus
        • temporal lobe
          • temporal pole
          • Heschl gyrus
          • superior temporal gyrus
          • middle temporal gyrus
          • inferior temporal gyrus
          • fusiform gyrus
          • mesial temporal lobe
            • amygdala
            • hippocampus
              • malrotation of the hippocampus
            • uncus
            • dentate gyrus
              • band of Giacomini
            • parahippocampal gyrus
            • medial occipitotemporal gyrus
            • subiculum
            • entorhinal cortex
          • lateral parietotemporal line
        • basal forebrain
          • anterior perforated substance
          • substantia innominata
            • basal nucleus of Meynert
        • limbic system
          • limbic lobe
          • parahippocampus
          • septal nuclei
          • nucleus accumbens
          • Papez circuit
        • insula
          • limen insulae
          • operculum
      • cerebral sulci and fissures (A-Z)
        • calcarine fissure
        • callosal sulcus
        • central (Rolandic) sulcus
        • cingulate sulcus
        • collateral sulcus
        • inferior frontal sulcus
        • inferior occipital sulcus
        • inferior temporal sulcus
        • interhemispheric fissure
        • intraparietal sulcus
        • lateral (Sylvian) sulcus
          • anterior ramus of the lateral sulcus
          • ascending ramus of the lateral sulcus
          • circular sulcus
        • lateral occipital sulcus
        • marginal sulcus
        • occipitotemporal sulcus
        • olfactory sulcus
        • paracentral sulcus
        • paraolfactory sulcus
        • parieto-occipital fissure
        • posterior parolfactory sulcus
        • precentral sulcus
        • preoccipital notch
        • postcentral sulcus
        • rhinal sulcus
        • rostral sulcus
        • subparietal sulcus
        • superior frontal sulcus
        • superior occipital sulcus
        • superior temporal sulcus
      • cortical histology
        • Betz cells
    • white matter tracts
      • commissures
        • corpus callosum
          • indusium griseum
          • callososeptal interface
          • Probst bundles
        • anterior commissure
        • hippocampal commissure
          • psalterium
        • habenular commissure
        • posterior commissure
        • supraoptic commissure
          • Gudden commissure
          • Meynert commissure
          • Gasner commissure
      • fornix
      • forceps major
      • forceps minor
      • internal capsule
      • external capsule
      • extreme capsule
      • corona radiata
      • centrum semiovale
      • corticobulbar
      • medial lemniscus
      • optic radiation
        • Meyer loop
        • superior geniculocalcarine tract
      • subcortical U-fibers
      • terminal zones of myelination
      • uncinate fasciculus
    • deep grey matter
      • basal ganglia claustrum
        • caudate nucleus
          • caudothalamic groove
        • corpus striatum
        • lentiform nucleus
          • globus pallidus
          • putamen
        • neostriatum
        • nucleus accumbens
    • pituitary gland
      • posterior pituitary and stalk (part of diencephalon)
        • ectopic posterior pituitary
      • anterior pituitary
      • inferior hypophyseal arterial circle
    • diencephalon
      • thalamencephalon
        • thalamus
          • interthalamic adhesion
          • lateral geniculate nucleus
          • medial geniculate nucleus
        • metathalamus
        • epithalamus
          • habenula
          • stria medullaris
          • pineal gland
      • subthalamus
        • subthalamic nuclei
      • hypothalamus
        • supraoptic nucleus
        • mammillary bodies
        • tuber cinereum
  • brainstem 
    • midbrain (mesencephalon)
      • tectal plate
      • tegmentum
      • cerebral peduncles
      • corpora quadrigemina
      • posterior perforated substance
      • periaqueductal grey matter
    • pons (part of metencephalon)
      • facial colliculus
      • superior olivary nucleus
    • medulla oblongata (myelencephalon)
      • olive
      • inferior olivary nucleus
      • nucleus of the tractus solitarius
      • nucleus ambiguus
      • dorsal vagal motor nucleus
    • white matter
    • grey matter
      • ​non-cranial nerve
        • substantia nigra
        • red nucleus
        • superior colliculi
        • inferior colliculi
      • cranial nerve nuclei
        • oculomotor nucleus
        • Edinger-Westphal nucleus
        • trochlear nucleus
        • motor nucleus of CN V
        • ​mesencephalic nucleus of CN V
        • main sensory nucleus of CN V
        • spinal nucleus of CN V
        • abducent nucleus
        • facial nucleus
        • superior salivatory nucleus
        • cochlear nuclei
        • vestibular nuclei
        • inferior salivatory nucleus
        • solitary tract nucleus
        • ambiguus nucleus
        • dorsal vagal motor nucleus
        • hypoglossal nucleus
  • cerebellum (part of metencephalon)
    • vermis
    • cerebellar hemisphere
      • cerebellar tonsil
      • dentate nucleus
    • cerebellar peduncles
      • superior cerebellar peduncle
      • middle cerebellar peduncle
      • inferior cerebellar peduncle
  • cranial meninges (meninx primitiva)
    • dura mater (pachymeninx)
      • falx cerebri
      • tentorium cerebelli
      • falx cerebelli
      • petroclinoid ligaments
      • diaphragma sellae
      • carotid cave
    • leptomeninges
      • arachnoid mater 
        • Liliequest membrane
        • arachnoid granulations
          • aberrant arachnoid granulations
      • pia mater
        • velum interpositum
          • cavum velum interpositum
    • extradural space
    • subdural space
    • subarachnoid space
    • blood supply of the meninges
    • innervation of the meninges
  • CSF spaces
    • ventricular system
      • lateral ventricles
        • septum pellucidum
          • cavum septum pellucidum
          • cavum vergae
      • interventricular foramen (of Monro)
        • choroidal fissure
      • third ventricle
        • lamina terminalis
        • supraoptic recess
        • infundibular recess
        • pineal recess
        • suprapineal recess
      • aqueduct of Sylvius
      • fourth ventricle
        • superior medullary velum
        • inferior medullary velum
        • obex
        • area postrema
        • rhomboid fossa
      • calcar avis
      • foramen of Magendie
      • foramina of Lushka
      • tela choroidea
      • cerebrospinal fluid
        • choroid plexus
          • Bochdalek's flower basket
    • subarachnoid cisterns
      • suprasellar cistern
        • empty sella sign
      • interpeduncular cistern
      • ambient cistern
        • transverse fissure
      • quadrigeminal cistern
      • pericallosal cistern
      • prepontine cistern
      • cerebellopontine cistern
      • premedullary cistern
      • Sylvian cistern
      • cisterna magna
        • mega cisterna magna
      • Meckel cave
  • cranial nerves (mnemonic)
    • olfactory nerve (CN I)
    • optic nerve (CN II)
      • optic chiasm
      • optic tract
    • oculomotor nerve (CN III)
    • trochlear nerve (CN IV)
    • trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
      • trigeminal ganglion
    • abducens nerve (CN VI)
    • facial nerve (CN VII) (segments mnemonic | branches mnemonic)
      • geniculate ganglion
        • greater (superficial) petrosal nerve
          • Vidian nerve
        • external petrosal nerve
        • nerve to stapedius
      • nervus intermedius
    • vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
      • vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)
    • glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
      • Jacobson nerve
      • lesser petrosal nerve
    • vagus nerve (CN X)
      • Arnold's nerve
    • spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)
    • hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
  • functional neuroanatomy
    • Brodmann areas
    • cortical motor system
      • extrapyramidal system
    • cortical sensory system
      • pain and temperature sensation
      • vibration and proprioception sensation
    • auditory/speech system
      • Broca's area (Brodmann area 44)
      • Wernicke's area (Brodmann area 22)
    • visual system
    • olfactory system
  • CNS development
    • brain development
      • neural plate
        • neural tube
      • prosencephalon
        • telencephalon
          • paraphysis elements
          • Rathke pouch
        • diencephalon
      • mesencephalon
      • rhombencephalon
        • metencephalon
        • myelencephalon
  • cerebral vascular supply
    • arteries
      • vascular territories
        • anterior circulation
        • posterior circulation
      • circle of Willis
        • internal carotid artery (ICA) (segments)
          • inferolateral trunk
          • meningohypophyseal trunk
            • inferior hypophyseal artery
          • capsular arteries (of McConnell) (variable)
          • superior hypophyseal artery
          • anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
            • anterior communicating artery (ACOM)
            • medial lenticulostriate arteries
            • recurrent artery of Heubner
            • medial frontobasal artery
            • frontopolar artery
            • orbitofrontal artery
            • pericallosal artery
              • callosomarginal artery
              • pericallosal moustache
          • middle cerebral artery (MCA)
            • M1 branches
              • lenticulostriate arteries
                • medial lenticulostriate arteries
                • lateral lenticulostriate arteries
              • anterior temporal artery
              • temporopolar artery
            • M2 branches
          • posterior communicating artery (PCOM)
          • ophthalmic artery
            • lacrimal artery
            • supraorbital artery
            • posterior ethmoidal artery
            • anterior ethmoidal artery
            • internal palpebral artery
            • supratrochlear artery (frontal artery)
            • dorsal nasal artery
          • anterior choroidal artery
        • vertebral artery
          • posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
          • basilar artery
            • anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
              • labyrinthine artery
            • pontine arteries
            • superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
            • posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
              • calcarine artery
              • splenial artery
              • posterior choroidal artery
                • medial posterior choroidal artery
                • lateral posterior choroidal artery
        • normal variants
          • intracranial arterial fenestration
          • internal carotid artery (ICA)
            • absent ICA
            • aberrant ICA
          • anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
            • azygos ACA
          • middle cerebral artery (MCA)
            • accessory MCA
            • duplicated MCA
            • MCA fenestration
          • posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
            • fetal origin of PCA / fetal PCOM
            • artery of Percheron
          • basilar artery
            • basilar artery fenestration
            • basilar artery hypoplasia
          • persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar artery anastomoses (mnemonic)
            • persistent primitive trigeminal artery
            • persistent otic artery
            • persistent hypoglossal artery
            • persistent proatlantal artery
              • persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery
    • cerebral venous system
      • dural venous sinuses
        • basilar venous plexus
        • cavernous sinus (mnemonic)
        • clival diploic veins
        • inferior petro-occipital vein
        • inferior petrosal sinus
        • inferior sagittal sinus
        • intercavernous sinus
        • internal carotid artery venous plexus of Rektorzik
        • jugular bulb
        • marginal sinus
        • occipital sinus
        • sigmoid sinus
        • sphenoparietal sinus
        • straight sinus
        • superior petrosal sinus
          • superior petrosal vein
        • superior sagittal sinus
        • torcula herophili
        • transverse sinus
      • cerebral veins
        • superficial veins of the brain
          • superior cerebral veins (superficial cerebral veins)
          • inferior cerebral veins
          • superficial middle cerebral vein
          • superior anastomotic vein (of Trolard)
          • inferior anastomotic vein (of Labbe)
      • deep veins of the brain
        • vein of Galen (median prosencephalic vein)
          • basal vein of Rosenthal
          • internal cerebral vein
            • thalamostriate vein
            • septal cerebral vein
        • venous circle of Trolard
      • normal variants
        • persistent falcine sinus
  • glymphatic pathway