ocular depressors | pacs

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The ocular depressors are the extra-ocular muscles responsible for depression of the globe:

inferior rectus (primary function)
superior oblique (secondary function)

Anatomy: Head and neck

Anatomy: Head and neck

skeleton of the head and neck
muscles of the head and neck
- muscles of the tongue (mnemonic)
  - extrinsic muscles of the tongue
  - intrinsic muscles of the tongue
- muscles of mastication
- muscles of facial expression
  - occipitalis muscle
  - circumorbital and palpebral muscles
  - nasal muscles
  - buccolabial muscles
    - elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
      - levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle
      - levator labii superioris muscle
      - zygomaticus major muscle
      - zygomaticus minor muscle
      - malaris muscle
      - levator anguli oris muscle
      - risorius muscle
    - depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip
      - depressor labii inferioris muscle
      - depressor anguli oris muscle
      - mentalis muscle
    - compound sphincter
      - orbicularis oris muscle
      - incisivus superior muscle
      - incisivus inferior muscle
    - muscle of mastication:
      - buccinator muscle
- muscles of the middle ear
  - stapedius muscle
  - tensor tympani muscle
- orbital muscles
  - extraocular muscles
  - levator palpebrae superioris muscle
    - superior tarsal muscle
- muscles of the soft palate
- pharyngeal muscles
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
- intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- muscles of the neck
- accessory muscles of the neck
  - levator glandulae thyroideae muscle
deep cervical fascia
deep spaces of the neck
surgical triangles of the neck
- anterior triangle
- posterior triangle
  - occipital triangle
    - suboccipital triangle
  - supraclavicular triangle
orbit
- bony orbit
- orbital spaces
  - extraconal
  - myofascial cone
  - intraconal
  - ocular globe
    - conjunctiva
    - cornea
    - sclera
    - uvea
      - iris
      - ciliary body
      - choroid
    - ora serrata
    - vitreous body
      - Cloquet's canal
    - lens
  - optic nerve-sheath complex
    - fovea
- orbital septum
- naso-orbitoethmoid region
- eye movements
- orbital blood supply
- orbital nerve supply
- lacrimal apparatus
  - lacrimal gland
  - nasolacrimal drainage apparatus
ear
paranasal sinuses
nose
oral cavity
pharynx
larynx
- supraglottic space
- glottis
- subglottic space
  - true vocal cords
    - anterior commissure of the larynx
viscera of the neck
blood supply of the head and neck
- arterial supply
  - common carotid artery
- venous drainage
  - internal jugular vein (mnemonic)
    - jugular bulb
      - asymmetrically large jugular bulb
    - pharyngeal vein
    - common facial vein
      - angular vein
        supraorbital vein
        
        supratrochlear vein
    - lingual vein
    - superior thyroid vein
    - middle thyroid vein
  - external jugular vein (mnemonic)
    - posterior auricular vein
    - retromandibular vein
      - superficial temporal vein
      - (deep/internal) maxillary vein
        pterygoid venous plexus
    - facial vein
    - anterior jugular vein
    - posterior external jugular vein
    - suprascapular vein
    - transverse cervical vein
  - cavernous sinus
  - facial-cavernous anastomoses
  - anterior condylar confluence
innervation of the head and neck
- cranial nerves
  - olfactory nerve (CN I)
  - optic nerve (CN II)
  - oculomotor nerve (CN III)
  - trochlear nerve (CN IV)
  - trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
    - trigeminal ganglion
    - ophthalmic division
      - tentorial nerve
      - frontal nerve
        supra-orbital nerve
        
        supratrochlear nerve
      - lacrimal nerve
      - nasociliary nerve
        small communicating branch to the ciliary ganglion
        
        short ciliary nerves
        
        long ciliary nerves
        
        infratrochlear nerve
        
        posterior ethmoidal nerve
        
        anterior ethmoidal nerve
    - maxillary division
    - mandibular division
  - abducens nerve (CN VI)
  - facial nerve (CN VII)
    - chorda tympani
    - nerve to stapedius
  - vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
    - vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)
  - glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
    - Jacobson nerve
  - vagus nerve (CN X)
    - superior laryngeal nerve
      - external laryngeal nerve
      - internal laryngeal nerve
    - recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve)
  - (spinal) accessory nerve (CN XI)
  - hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck
- greater occipital nerve
- third occipital nerve
- cervical plexus
  - muscular branches
    - longus capitis
    - longus colli
    - scalenes
    - geniohyoid
    - thyrohyoid
    - ansa cervicalis
      - omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies separately)
      - sternothyroid
      - sternohyoid
    - phrenic nerve
      - accessory phrenic nerve
    - contribution to the accessory nerve (CN XI)
  - cutaneous branches
- brachial plexus
- pharyngeal plexus
lymphatic drainage of the head and neck
embryological development of the head and neck
- branchial apparatus

Siehe auch:

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Assoziationen und Differentialdiagnosen zu ocular depressors:

extraocular

muscles

Wikipedia • Public domain

inferior

rectus

, W. Extra-ocular muscles (illustration). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 21 Oct 2022) https://radiopaedia.org/cases/10414 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)

superior

oblique

College, O. Eye and extraocular muscles (illustrations). Case study, Radiopaedia.org. (accessed on 21 Oct 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-44016 • CC by-nc-sa 3.0 (modified)