Sphenoidal fontanelles
Sphenoidal
fontanelles • Cranium - Gray's anatomy illustration - Ganzer Fall bei Radiopaedia
The sphenoidal or anterolateral fontanelles are paired bilateral soft membranous gaps (fontanelles) at the junction of the coronal, sphenofrontal, sphenoparietal, sphenosquamosal, and squamosal sutures. Each sphenoidal fontanelle persists until approximately six months after birth, after which it is known as the pterion.
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Anatomy: Head and neck
- skeleton of the head and neck
- cranial vault
- scalp (mnemonic)
- fontanelle
- sutures
- calvarial
- facial
- frontozygomatic suture
- frontomaxillary suture
- frontolacrimal suture
- frontonasal suture
- temporozygomatic suture
- zygomaticomaxillary suture
- parietotemporal suture (parietomastoid suture)
- occipitotemporal suture (occipitomastoid suture)
- sphenofrontal suture
- sphenozygomatic suture
- spheno-occipital suture (not a true suture)
- lacrimomaxillary suture
- nasomaxillary suture
- internasal suture
- basal/internal
- skull landmarks
- frontal bone
- temporal bone
- parietal bone
- occipital bone
- skull base (foramina)
- facial bones
- midline single bones
- paired bilateral bones
- cervical spine
- hyoid bone
- laryngeal cartilages
- cranial vault
- muscles of the head and neck
- muscles of the tongue (mnemonic)
- muscles of mastication
- muscles of facial expression
- occipitalis muscle
- circumorbital and palpebral muscles
- nasal muscles
- buccolabial muscles
- elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
- levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle
- levator labii superioris muscle
- zygomaticus major muscle
- zygomaticus minor muscle
- malaris muscle
- levator anguli oris muscle
- risorius muscle
- depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip
- depressor labii inferioris muscle
- depressor anguli oris muscle
- mentalis muscle
- compound sphincter
- orbicularis oris muscle
- incisivus superior muscle
- incisivus inferior muscle
- muscle of mastication:
- elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip
- muscles of the middle ear
- orbital muscles
- muscles of the soft palate
- pharyngeal muscles
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
- intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- muscles of the neck
- accessory muscles of the neck
- deep cervical fascia
- deep spaces of the neck
- anterior cervical space
- buccal space
- carotid space
- danger space
- deep cervical fascia
- infratemporal fossa
- masticator space
- parapharyngeal space
- stylomandibular tunnel
- parotid space
- pharyngeal (superficial) mucosal space
- perivertebral space
- posterior cervical space
- pterygopalatine fossa
- retropharyngeal space
- suprasternal space (of Burns)
- visceral space
- surgical triangles of the neck
- orbit
- bony orbit
- orbital spaces
- extraconal
- myofascial cone
- intraconal
- ocular globe
- conjunctiva
- cornea
- sclera
- uvea
- iris
- ciliary body
- choroid
- ora serrata
- vitreous body
- lens
- optic nerve-sheath complex
- fovea
- orbital septum
- naso-orbitoethmoid region
- eye movements
- orbital blood supply
- orbital nerve supply
- lacrimal apparatus
- ear
- paranasal sinuses
- nose
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- larynx
- viscera of the neck
- Waldeyer ring
- adenoid tonsils
- palatine tonsils
- lingual tonsils
- thyroid gland
- parathyroid gland
- salivary glands and ducts
- esophagus
- trachea
- Waldeyer ring
- blood supply of the head and neck
- arterial supply
- common carotid artery
- carotid body
- carotid bifurcation
- subclavian artery
- variants
- common carotid artery
- venous drainage
- internal jugular vein (mnemonic)
- external jugular vein (mnemonic)
- posterior auricular vein
- retromandibular vein
- superficial temporal vein
- (deep/internal) maxillary vein
- facial vein
- anterior jugular vein
- posterior external jugular vein
- suprascapular vein
- transverse cervical vein
- cavernous sinus
- facial-cavernous anastomoses
- anterior condylar confluence
- arterial supply
- innervation of the head and neck
- cranial nerves
- olfactory nerve (CN I)
- optic nerve (CN II)
- oculomotor nerve (CN III)
- trochlear nerve (CN IV)
- trigeminal nerve (CN V) (mnemonic)
- trigeminal ganglion
- ophthalmic division
- maxillary division
- mandibular division
- abducens nerve (CN VI)
- facial nerve (CN VII)
- vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
- vestibular ganglion (Scarpa's ganglion)
- glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)
- vagus nerve (CN X)
- superior laryngeal nerve
- recurrent laryngeal nerve (inferior laryngeal nerve)
- (spinal) accessory nerve (CN XI)
- hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
- parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck
- greater occipital nerve
- third occipital nerve
- cervical plexus
- muscular branches
- longus capitis
- longus colli
- scalenes
- geniohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- ansa cervicalis
- omohyoid (superior and inferior bellies separately)
- sternothyroid
- sternohyoid
- phrenic nerve
- contribution to the accessory nerve (CN XI)
- cutaneous branches
- muscular branches
- brachial plexus
- pharyngeal plexus
- cranial nerves
- lymphatic drainage of the head and neck
- embryological development of the head and neck
